The study of the ways countries interact with each other and with other states, nations, armed forces and individuals. Its practitioners, called diplomats, are responsible for communication and negotiation between governments. Diplomacy may also involve sanctions, using force and adjusting trade regulations. It is often viewed as the “first resort” in diplomatic disputes and it forms the core of the international system.
A network of people living outside their place of origin but sharing a common language, culture or religion. Diasporas are a growing phenomenon as cheap and easy travel allows more people to relocate in search of better economic prospects. They are a source of cultural diversity and can be a political power, especially when organised and mobilised by a government.
This set of conventions, adopted after World War II, defines a state’s obligation to protect its citizens and establishes a legal framework for prosecuting genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The Geneva Conventions are a cornerstone of humanitarian law and are the basis for the International Criminal Court.
An approach to international relations that argues that all states are competing to acquire and horde the most power, so those that manage it best will thrive. This theory is usually accompanied by an unwillingness to join mutual defence agreements and a desire to avoid trading with other countries. The US has pursued a policy of isolationism since the 19th century while Japan shut itself off for much of the same period.
About the Author
