During this unprecedented global pandemic, a steady stream of data and information has been gathered and shared to track and guide public health responses, healthcare systems, research and policy. The information has been essential to preventing and treating tens of millions of cases, keeping people healthy, and strengthening societies and economies. However, one of the most important lessons learned is that critical global governance, funding and policy considerations must be addressed as a constant part of any pandemic response architecture. In a continuously evolving context, working assumptions will shift throughout the vaccine value chain – impacting epidemiology, policy recommendations, R&D, manufacturing and country-level challenges at every turn.